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Graduation Requirements
Grades 9-12
2005-06 School Year
English 4 credits
Students whose first language is not English are obligated to earn a minimum of 3 credits in English. Students who will graduate before 2008 are only obligated to complete two credits of this requirement.
Mathematics 3 credits
Minimal 3-credit requirement: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II
Social Studies 3 credits
Required courses: American History (1 credit) / Government (� credit)
Science 3 credits
Required course: Biology (1 credit)
Foreign Language 3 credits
Students whose first language is not English are not required to fulfill this requirement; Students may also satisfy this credit by taking two years of two languages. Students who will graduate before 2008 are only obligated to complete two credits of this requirement.
Fine Arts 1 credit
Two half-credit courses must be taken in at least two of the following areas: (1) Art (2) Music (3) Theater
Computer Studies 1 credit
Ethics � credit Physical
Education 2 credits
Required course: Health; P.E. credits are earned for Afternoon Activities (1/3 credit each season) or for participating in a team sport (1/2 credit)
Electives 3� credits
Montverde Academy students must earn a minimum of 24 academic credits and satisfy the subject area requirements as specified above. Once a student enrolls at Montverde, all credits must be earned at the Academy. In addition, all seniors must fulfill the senior speech requirement as specified by the Dean of the Upper School.


Grade Level Credit Requirements
Students are classified by grades according to the number of credits earned.
Grade 10 (5 credits)
Grade 11 (11 credits)
Grade 12 (17 credits)


COMPUTER SCIENCE
Microsoft Office I (1/2 credit) This course has been designed to introduce the student to an understanding on how all the major application that make up Microsoft Office work together. Data sharing and the Internet are major parts of this class. We will create information in one program and share it in numerous other applications.

Each student will work along with the instruction. You will be amazed at some of the features you will be able to do, in programs you have never used before, because of understanding the entire suite. While you will learn a great deal about Microsoft Office, this is not a substitute for training on individual applications.

Microsoft Office II (1/2 credit) With the focus on Microsoft Office Specialist certification, students will continue on learning more complex and advanced features of the Microsoft Office suite.

The Microsoft Office Specialist (Office Specialist) certification is the globally recognized standard for validating expertise with the Microsoft Office suite of business productivity programs. Earning Office Specialist certification acknowledges you have the expertise to work with Microsoft Office programs. Office Specialist-certified individuals report increased competence and productivity with Microsoft Office programs as well as increased credibility with their employers, co-workers, and clients. Office Specialist certification sets you apart in today's competitive job market, bringing employment opportunities, greater earning potential and career advancement, in addition to increased job satisfaction.

Certification exams will cost approximately $300 and will be taken at Montverde Academy (A Microsoft Authorized Testing Center).

CompTIA A+® Computer Course (1 credit) A+ Certification training curriculum focuses on the hardware and software skills necessary to competently perform computer repair and troubleshooting. This program prepares you to pass the exams necessary to obtain your A+ Certification. The curriculum consists of two courses and two exams:
  • PC Hardware Repair and Troubleshooting
  • Operating System and Software Technologies
CompTIA A+ certification is an international industry credential that validates the knowledge of computer service technicians hands-on experience. Earning CompTIA A+ certification proves that a candidate has a broad base of knowledge and competency in core hardware and operating system technologies including installation, configuration, diagnosing, preventive maintenance and basic networking. At the completion of the course your final exam will consist of taking two CompTIA A+ exams (scheduled off campus at an independent testing center) which will certify you as a CompTIA A+ Computer Technician.

The exams cost are not part of the school tuition and are an additional fee of $290.00.

Desktop Publishing (1 credit) This course will introduce to students the general design concepts and process of designing a publication from sketches to prepress techniques. Students will also gain extensive "hands on" computer experience using Aldus PageMaker--one of the most widely used desktop publishing programs. Student projects will include the creation of the Academy's yearbook. The ability to meet deadlines will constitute a major portion of the student's grade.

Computer Programming (1/2 credit) Students will learn the fundamental concepts and terminology of software application development and develop skills in designing and writing simple computer programs. This course assumes no programming background and provides an overview of the software development process in addition to introducing important programming constructs and methodologies. Students will learn such topics as programming language characteristics, integrated development environments, flowcharts, algorithms and pseudo code, variables, operators, conditional statements, looping statements, procedures, error-handling and debugging, object-oriented programming techniques, user interface design, software modeling, and Extensible Markup Language (XML) Web services.


ENGLISH
English I (1 credit) English I is a writing and reading workshop. Students are either writing a new story or essay each week, or they are revising an old one. In student writing, developing ideas and avoiding status-marking writing mistakes are both especially emphasized. Our reading follows these themes: the power of observation, the mystery, the mind, magic and mythology, and growing up. Students practice vocabulary and grammar in the contexts of their own writing and reading and in the more formal setting of SAT practice.

English I - Honors (1 credit) English I Honors is, like English I, a writing and reading workshop. The more intellectually ambitious reading assignments in Honors span the history of Western thought through a year-long reading of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World: A Novel about the History of Philosophy, which acts as the course's "textbook." Supplemental readings include books which ask similarly deep questions, including Tuesdays with Morrie and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Vocabulary and grammar study follow a similar but more demanding course.

English II (1 credit) English II is an inquiry-driven exploration of American society in which the explanations for the America of today are found in the literature that entertained and enlightened Americans in the past. Topics include the way America has been shaped by conflicts over social class, race, religion, work, and nature. Students write each week and prepare more directly for standardized college admissions tests like the SAT.

English II - Honors (1credit) In this course students develop careful reading strategies, critical thinking skills, and more sophisticated writing skills through their study of American literature. Students will study the works of authors such as Poe, Dickinson, Steinbeck, Frost, Whitman, Faulkner, Hemingway, Twain, and Hawthorne. Students will learn the characteristics of literature in the following genres: short stories, poetry, drama, and non-fiction. Additionally, students will also complete in-depth studies of novels such as The Scarlet Letter, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Great Gatsby, The Color of Water and plays such as The Crucible and Fences. Students also review English grammar and edit grammatical, mechanical and word usage errors in their writing. Vocabulary development will also be a focus, specifically the study of Latin, Greek and Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Students will also participate in activities to prepare for the reading portion of the PSAT. (Prerequisite: Above average grades and the recommendation of English I teacher.)

AP English Language & Composition (1 credit) AP Language prepares students to take the College Board's AP English Language Exam. Enrolled students are expected to have excelled in previous English courses, preferably at the honors level. The course is reading and writing intensive, focusing on rhetoric and linguistics. Reading centers on contemporary and classic nonfiction. Topics include the development of the English language and metaphor as a basis for organization. Students write each day and prepare directly for standardized tests.

English III (1 credit) This course continues the application of expository writing and editorial skills. By writing critical reviews, analytical essays, and a research paper, students study and practice various types of writing, refining structure and techniques. Reading assignments, journal responses, and class discussions of British literature encourage students to appreciate and to analyze the elements of literature. Students will study poetry, prose, and drama by major authors such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Orwell. In addition, students will be engaged in the in-depth study of novels from the 19th and 20th Centuries. Vocabulary skills remain a focus, specifically knowledge of Latin, Greek and Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suffixes and their influence on the English language. Students will also participate in activities to prepare for the reading portion of the SAT.

English IV (1 credit) This is a course designed to explore the literature of various authors throughout the world through reading and writing. By reading the works of such authors as Homer, Sophocles, Lao-tzu, Dante Aligheiri, Voltaire, Shakespeare, Kafka, and Achebe, the students receive a global overview of the literature that reveals the cultural differences between people of the world. In addition to their reading of short stories, poetry, drama, and nonfiction, students will also complete in-depth studies of novels such as The Girl with the Pearl Earring, Memoirs of a Geisha, Things Fall Apart, and Life of Pi. Students will produce analytical essays, critical reviews, and a research paper related to their study of world literature. Vocabulary skills will be developed through reading and writing, as well as the systematic study of Latin, Greek and Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Students will also participate in activities to prepare for the reading portion of the SAT.

AP English Literature & Composition (1 credit) Focusing on the close, critical reading of poetry, drama, and fiction, this course is both demanding and intellectually stimulating,. In particular, students will discuss and write about writers' style, themes, and tone. Key works that will be studied include Oedipus the King, Hamlet, 1984, Things Fall Apart, The Remains of the Day, Great Expectations, Memoirs of a Geisha, and Song of Solomon. Building upon the eleventh grade development of critical reading and writing skills, the course prepares students to take the Advanced Placement English Literature Examination, which is required upon completion of the course. Prerequisite: Above average grades and the recommendation of the student's English III teacher.


(PROGRESSIVE) ENGLISH
The Progressive English program is for students whose first language is not English and whose proficiency with the English language is not yet at a level where they are able to take regular English classes at Montverde Academy.

It is the goal of this program to help improve the student's level of English proficiency and enable them to eventually take higher leveled courses in English.

Important Note: All of the following courses are offered on a one semester basis with one-half credit being awarded for completion of the course. Students who demonstrate competence at one level may advance to the next higher level at midyear.
LEVEL I (BASIC)
Composition I (1 credit) Fundamentals of writing are stressed, including sentence writing, paragraph writing, and short composition writing. Various types of composition are taught including personal narratives, descriptive, expository, and persuasive.

Speech I (1 credit) The main goal is to develop basic English language communication skills through interactive listening and speaking activities. It is designed for the beginner. Exercises focus on vocabulary, pronunciation, and speaking skills.

Communications I (1 credit) The main goal of Communications I is to develop basic English language listening skills. Designed for the beginner, exercises focus on listening for basic information. Later studies include listening and reading in history and science.

Reading I (1 credit) A skill building course; successful completion will confer one credit. Course work centers on vocabulary building and reading skill building. Special attention is paid to recognizing main idea and supporting detail.

Literature I (1 credit) A companion course to Reading I. In addition to continuing reading skills, the course also teaches the elements of fiction, biographies, autobiographies, and nonfiction.
LEVEL II (INTERMEDIATE)
Speech II (1 credit) The main goal is to enhance the student's ability to speak, and understand spoken English. Students will participate in a variety of pair, group, and individual speaking and listening exercises. The course is intended for high-beginning to high-intermediate learners of English.

Composition II (1 credit) Fundamentals of writing are stressed to include grammar skills, sentence writing, and short story composition. Writing as a process is emphasized as well as use of technology for research purposes and writing.

Literature II (1 credit) The main goal is to develop the student's ability to comprehend written English through practice with a variety of reading materials. Comprehension instruction includes pre and post reading activities, vocabulary development, use of graphic organizers, and essay writing.

Introduction to American History (1 credit) This course has three main objectives: 1) Continue the development of student's reading and writing skills, and 2) teach the vocabulary of social studies and prepare foreign students for the more rigorous History Department course, and 3) teach research methods using the APA style.

Introduction to American Government (1/2 credit) This course studies the American government at the National, State, and Local levels. Special attention is paid to reading and writing skills. A research paper is required.

Introduction to Science (1/2 credit) This science course focuses on biology and is language intensive. It is specifically designed to prepare speakers of other languages for the additional science courses they will need to graduate from Montverde Academy.
LEVEL III (ADVANCED)
Composition III (Reading and Literature) A full year course, this confers an English credit applicable toward the English graduation requirement. The course is a combination of reading skills, used in preparation for the new SAT, and a study of the world's great writers. SAT reading and reading strategies are taught. Famous authors such as Dickens, Hemingway, and Shakespeare are studied.

Literature III (Composition and Grammar) A full year course, this confers one school credit applicable toward the English graduation requirement. Taken in conjunction with Composition III, these courses provide a powerful preparation for the SAT and TOEFL tests as well as a comprehensive study of the methods of discourse. To successfully complete the course a student must produce a research paper demonstrating the MLA style.


ETHICS
Ethics (1/2 credit) This course seeks to introduce students to the foundational theories of ethics and to encourage the application of these theories to the global, national, communal, and personal ethical issues and dilemmas that confront the human community. Therefore, while beginning from a theoretical basis, this course seeks to move quickly to the realm of practical, or applied, ethics through a field-based approach. In this class students are encouraged to see the study of ethics as not only an intellectual discipline requiring the development of critical thinking, careful reading, and communication skills, but even more as an activity in which they participate on a daily basis. We hope that the groundwork laid here will in some way enhance the responsible decisions our students will make in the future, so that the ability to confront and define an ethical dilemma, unravel its complicated issues, sort out the stakeholders, review the rights of those involved, and knowledgeably make an informed decision might become equally as ingrained and second nature as the skills of the accomplished athlete.


FINE ARTS
ART
Art Foundations (1/2 credit) This course is a mixture of the different mediums used by artist. The student will use different techniques utilizing the various mediums (i.e. pencil, watercolor paints, acrylic paints, ink, oil pastels, clay, etc.). Throughout this course the students will be introduced to several different artists and their work. They will be encouraged to express their thoughts and ideas through their work as they develop their artistic skills on a daily basis.

2-Dimensional Art (1/2 Credit) - Pre-requisite: Art Foundations - This course will give students the opportunity to work with more independently with several different mediums including: Pencil, ink, watercolor paints, acrylic paints, etc. The student will be challenged to put their imaginations to work and on paper. They will explore such topics as: Self-portrait, nature, animals, The Summation of Me, My Sky, etc. The topics will change from semester to semester with each using a different medium to convey the student's thoughts and feelings.

Advanced 2-D Art (1/2 credit) - Pre-requisite: 2-D Art - A student who participates in this course should be highly motivated to be creative and work independently. The student will be encouraged to use many different mediums; however, he or she will have the freedom to choose. Those in this course are to have demonstrated a strong ability to express their creativity in the 2-D art form. Those considering AP Studio Art are highly encouraged to consider this course. Student enrollment is pending on teacher and Dean of the Upper School approval.

3-Dimensional Art (1/2 Credit) Student's will be challenged to create three dimensional works using various techniques and materials: Oak tag, balsa block, wood, plaster craft, clay, etc. Outside the box thinking is highly encouraged as the students work through many different obstacles associated with three dimensional art.

Advanced 3-D Art (1/2 credit) - Pre-requisite: 3D Art - This course will provide students who have taken 3-D Art the opportunity to work more independently and show their creativity and understanding of 3-D elements. Those in this course will have demonstrated a strong ability to express their creativity through 3-D art. Student enrollment is pending on teacher and Dean of the Upper School approval.

Ceramics (1/2 Credit) - This course will introduce the student to the potter's wheel. It is here they will explore the malleability of clay as they learn different throwing techniques. Students will have the opportunity to work on the wheel daily. Once the project has dried completely, the student will learn proper firing and glazing techniques. This class is limited to four students.

Photography (1/2 Credit) - Students with an interest in photography are highly encouraged to take this class where they will learn how to use and manipulate the camera and its many functions. Participants will also learn how to develop and print black and white photographs. They will also be encouraged to view the world through a camera lens and see that photography is more than centering their friends in the middle of the view finder and pressing a button. An understanding that a photograph captures a moment of time that will never happen again will be gained.

Photography II (1/2 Credit) - Pre-requisite: Photography� In this course students will work more independently following guidelines established by the teacher. This class gives them the opportunity to showcase the knowledge, skills, and outside the box thinking learned in Photography. More is expected from this student in the way of photographic creativity and technical skills required for successful photography. Student enrollment is pending on teacher and Dean of the Upper School approval.

AP Studio Art (1 Credit) - Pre-requisite: Advanced 2-D Art - The Advanced Placement course is a college-level course based in the visual arts. This class is intended to offer the student a college level curriculum in high school. Students who successfully complete the course can request credit from the college or university they will attend. Students enrolled in the AP Studio Art course will be expected to produce a minimum of 40 works in a variety of media, techniques, and subject matter. The participant has three portfolio areas from which to choose: Drawing Portfolio, 2-D Design Portfolio, and 3-D Design Portfolio. The student's abilities and creativity will be put to the test. Student enrollment is pending on teacher and Dean of the Upper School approval.

Woodworking (1/2 credit) In this course, students will gain a basic understanding of woodworking tools, techniques, terminology and shop safety. Through hands-on experience, students will learn the proper and safe use of hand tools, power tools and shop tools, while practicing various skills and practical factors. Utilizing knowledge and proficiency gained during the course, students will craft a number of projects throughout the semester. (This course is limited to no more than 8 students.)
DRAMA
Introduction to the Theater (1/2 credit) This course in designed to offer the student a general overview of live theater. The class is a true introduction into all aspects of theater. The student will be introduced to a consolidated section of theater history and theater jobs and responsibilities. There is a section to look at all technical aspects of theater, costume design, set design, make-up design, sound design, lighting design, and special effects. The last section of this introductory class is on performance--the study of pantomime, improvisation, and acting.

Acting I (1/2 credit) This course is designed around the serious student who is interested in performing. We will study the different styles of acting as well as look at the many ways that a character can be developed. Students will spend time in reading scripts and learning to develop a character from the written word. We will spend a brief time on how to audition for a role. The course will require a great deal of self motivation.

Technical Theater (1/2 credit) This course is designed for those students who do not have an interest in performing but wish to develop their skills in a back stage position of theater. We will concentrate on how to design and build a set. Also how to use tools and techniques to create a set design for a production. We will next look at how to design and build costume for a production. We will focus on sewing techniques and basic tailoring. We will also look at what it takes to be a good stage manager or technical director.
Children's Theater (1/2 credit) This course is a very active participation class. The class is broken up into three sections to focus on the various aspects and styles of Children Theater. The first section will focus on the use of puppetry. Students will construct and perform using puppets. The next section will focus on the use of audience participation. Students will perform using small children as part of the cast. Finally the students will learn and participate in a final children's theater performance. This course will be heavy in self motivation and memorization.
MUSIC
Music Appreciation (1/2 credit) This is a one-semester course, which will give students an overview of different musical styles and periods. Students will also learn how to identify the characteristics separating the musical genres. Students will gain exposure to world music as well as music composed in the Western tradition. Finally, the class will challenge students to become more involved in their listening to music through group and individual listening assignments and projects.

Concert Choir (1/2 credit) This group will meet daily to rehearse, and will perform selections for mixed voices from various musical periods. Students will also be involved in learning some theory, vocal technique and sight singing skills. There are currently two planned concerts, one before the winter break and a second in the spring. Note: Students may retake this course for academic credit.

Show Choir (1/2 credit) This group will meet daily to rehearse, and will perform selections for mixed voices from various musical periods, as well as practice and perform various dance techniques and chorography to accompany vocal selections. Students will also be involved in learning some theory and sight singing skills. There are currently two planned concerts, one before the winter break and a second in the spring. Note: Students may retake this course for academic credit.


FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Note: Students who will graduate in 2008 are required to take three years of Foreign Language in the Upper School or two years of two languages.
SPANISH
Spanish I (1 credit) An introductory course for students beginning the study of the Spanish language, this course teaches the skills necessary to begin communicating in Spanish. Essential vocabulary and grammar structures are presented through the exclusive use of the target language. Students will role- play situations, practice listening skills, and learn to perform a variety of language functions: to list, to ask questions, to describe, to express opinions and defend them, to hypothesize. Students will be required to watch, understand, and answer questions about Destinos (a Spanish video text series). Students in this course advance to Spanish II.

Spanish II (1 credit) This course is a continuing study of the Spanish language and Hispanic culture, whereby students working toward proficiency utilize their foundation from the first-year level. More verb tenses, grammatical structures, cultural units, and greater base of vocabulary are introduced. A tape and a computer program reinforce all four-language skills. Short literary pieces are introduced at this level. Students will continue viewing Destinos. Hispanic masterpieces such as Don Quijote de la Mancha are also read and discussed.

Spanish III (1 credit) This course continues re-enforcing grammar skills learned in the second level and also introduces new grammar structures. Students are exposed to more specific terminology in their vocabulary sections. In this level, emphasis is placed on advancing speaking, reading and writing skills. Students are further introduced to Spanish and Hispanic literature and the history of Spanish speaking countries. Hispanic masterpieces such as Don Quijote de la Mancha and El Burlador de Sevilla are also read and discussed.

Spanish IV (1 credit) This course expands and advances students' knowledge of the Spanish language and culture; integrating Hispanic literature, structure and conversation. Through readings; students are exposed to artists such as Picasso, Dali, Kahlo, Nervo, Cortez, Neruda among others. Hispanic masterpieces such as Don Quijote de la Mancha, La Celestina, and El Burlador de Sevilla are also read and discussed.

AP Spanish Language (1 credit) This college-level elective course is designed for well-qualified students who wish to prepare for the Advanced Placement Spanish Language Exam. All the components of this exam are analyzed and practiced, with an emphasis placed on mastering advanced skills in oral communication, literary and nonliterary reading comprehension and essay writing. The culture and civilization of Spain through art, music and history are explored; students will use the Internet to obtain information that they will use for periodic oral presentations to the class. Students must take the AP Exam in May and are encouraged to take the SAT II Test in Spanish during the year.
FRENCH
French I (1 credit) An introductory course for students beginning the study of the French language, this course teaches the skills necessary to begin communicating in French. Essential vocabulary and grammar structures are presented through the use of the language. Students will role-play situations, practice listening skills in French, and learn to perform a variety of language functions: to list, to ask questions, to describe, to express opinions and defend them, to hypothesize. Students will hear and read authentic French through the use of video scenarios and short reading passages, and will learn aspects about French culture. Successful students in this course advance to French II.

French II (1 credit) This course is a continuing study of the French language and French culture, whereby students working toward a greater level of proficiency use their foundation from the first-year level, and will continue to build upon their knowledge of the language and continue to broaden their base of vocabulary. Students will be able to express themselves in the past, present and future and begin to enhance basic knowledge with more complex grammatical structures. Cultural units and short literary pieces will enhance the language learning experience. Successful students in this course are eligible to advance to French III.

French III (1 credit) This course continues to build more in-depth vocabulary and re-enforces grammar skills learned in the second level. New grammar structures and more complex sentence structure will allow the student to communicate at a higher level of proficiency. At this level, students will be able to communicate in more detail, both orally and in writing. Students will read both fiction and non-fiction passages in French, in order to further develop their language skills. Students are further introduced to French and Francophone cultures, as well as some aspects of the history of French speaking countries.

AP French Language (1 credit) This college-level elective course is designed for well-qualified students who wish to prepare for the Advanced Placement French Language Exam. All the components of this exam are analyzed and practiced, with an emphasis placed on mastering advanced skills in oral communication, listening comprehension, grammar structures, fiction and non-fiction reading comprehension, and essay writing. The culture and civilization of France and the French speaking world will be explored through art, music and history. Students will use various media sources to obtain information that they will use for periodic oral presentations to the class. Students must take the AP Exam in May and are encouraged to take the French SAT II Test during the year.


MATHEMATICS
Algebra I (1 credit) The purpose of this course is to provide a solid foundation in Algebra for those students in a college preparatory curriculum. The course emphasizes analytical skills and problem solving techniques. Throughout the course, previously developed methods are extended and enlarged to cope with more abstract situations so the student can follow a logical solution path based on well-known steps. NOTE: A student must achieve a grade of C- or higher in Algebra I in order to progress to their next math course.

Algebra I - Honors (1 credit) This course presents an in-depth study of the topics of Algebra I with more emphasis on theory, proof, and formulas, as well as their application. Prerequisite: B or better in Pre-Algebra and teacher recommendation.

Geometry (1 Credit) This course is developed as a postulational system of reasoning. Students practice the use of postulates, definitions and theorems in deductive formal and informal proofs involving arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric settings.

Geometry - Honors (1 credit) This course is designed to develop the geometric relationship and deductive strategies that can be used to solve a variety of real world mathematical problems with more emphasis on proofs. Prerequisite: B- or better in Algebra I Honors, or equivalent B or better in Algebra I, and teacher recommendation.

Algebra II (1 credit) This course is the 2nd year of algebra in preparation for college mathematics. The course continues the study of the structure of algebra and provides the foundation for applying these skills to other mathematical and scientific fields.

Algebra II - Honors (1 credit) This course presents an in-depth study of the topics of Algebra II with an emphasis on theory, proof, and the development of formulas, as well as their application. Prerequisite: B- or better in Algebra I Honors and Geometry Honors, or teacher recommendation. B or better in Algebra I and Geometry, and teacher recommendation.

Algebra III (1 credit) The purpose of this course is to enhance and continue the study of mathematics after Algebra I, II and Geometry and provide a college level foundation to students not aspiring to pursue a math, science or technical major in college.

Pre-Calculus (1 credit) The purpose of this course is to extend the analysis of functions, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Data analysis, matrices, and parametric equations will also be studied. This class is a requirement for students wishing to take the AP Calculus AB class which will also require the teacher's recommendation.
Pre-Calculus - Honors (1 credit) The purpose of this course is to extend the analysis of functions, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Data analysis, matrices, and parametric equations will also be studied, however, this honors-level class will be faster paced and go into much greater depth. This class is a requirement for students wishing to take the AP Calculus AB class.

AP Calculus AB (1 credit) The purpose of this course is to develop the students' understanding of the concepts of calculus and provide experience with its methods and applications. The course will emphasize a multi-representational approach to calculus, with concepts, results, and problems being expressed graphically, numerically, analytically, and verbally. The connections among these representations are also important. Student will be required to take the AP exam in May. Prerequisite: B- or better in Pre-Calculus with the teacher's recommendation or a B- or high in Pre-Calculus-Honors.


PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Health (1/2 credit) This course is offered each semester and aims to inform students of current issues that directly affect their lives. Health is a combination of the physical, mental/emotional and social well being of the student. Personal responsibility is stressed as a primary means of promoting health. Topics include physical fitness and nutrition, mental and emotional health, stress management, safety and injury prevention, substance abuse, human biological systems, diseases/disorders, and personal development. Supporting course work includes projects and research, demonstrations, and analysis of current events in the health area.


SCIENCE
LIFE SCIENCES
Biology (1 credit) Biology is a general high school course that provides the foundation for high school anatomy/physiology, and college freshman biology. Topics include general scientific principles, cell biology, biological history, cell theory, genetics, taxonomy, ecology, microbiology, botany, reproduction, invertebrate zoology and vertebrate zoology. Supporting course work includes laboratory exercises, cooperative group learning, project/reports, science article summaries, and analysis of current events in the field of science. Internet research will be utilized during this course. This is a required science course.

Biology - Honors (1 credit) In addition to the regular Biology class, this course will explore additional biological topics that will be needed as background for AP Biology. Biology-Honors is a preparatory class for AP Biology and it is highly recommended that any student who wishes to take AP Biology, take this Pre-AP course.

AP Biology (1 credit) The AP Biology course is designed to be the equivalent of the general biology course usually taken during the first college year. The course has a wide range of topics that will be explored in depth. Topics include the origin of living things, the biology of cells, energetics, reproduction and heredity, molecular genetics, evolution, ecology, viruses and simple organisms, plants, animals, the vertebrate body, homeostasis, and reproduction and behavior. Supporting course work includes twelve AP laboratory exercises with biological samples, research, internet research and sample AP examinations. A field trip to the biomolecular science lab at the University of Florida will be included. Students are required to take the AP examination at the completion of the course.

Anatomy & Physiology (1/2 credit) This course is available for those students wishing to increase their knowledge of human biological sciences. Topics include general scientific principles, basic cell theory, cell biology, histology, diseases and in depth learning of the structure and function of the various body systems. Some comparative animal biology will also be addressed. Supporting course work includes laboratory exercises (including dissections), cooperative group learning, projects/reports, analysis of current events in the field of science, and internet research.

Marine Biology (1/2 credit) This is an introductory course to marine biology. Topics to be covered include ocean characteristics, phytoplankton, marine plants, marine invertebrates, marine vertebrates, estuaries, coral reefs and marine resources. Classroom activities will include cooperative group learning, internet research, dissections, laboratory exercises, projects/reports and current event discussions. This course will also include field trips outside of normal class time and students should be able to swim as we will be around water during our outings.
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Chemistry (1 credit) Chemistry is a general college-preparatory course. Success in this course should adequately prepare the student for general chemistry in college. Topics include the metric system and scientific measurements, general scientific principles, the atomic theory, structure of the atom, energy, atomic bonding, reactions and equations, solutions, properties of gases, introductory organic chemistry, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, the periodic table, and descriptive chemistry. Supporting course work includes extensive demonstrations and laboratory exercises, projects/reports, scientific journal article summaries, and analysis of current events in the field of science. This is an elective science course, but it is highly recommended for those students seeking college admission. Chemistry is a practical application of mathematics; students are strongly encouraged to have completed 2 years of algebra prior to enrolling in chemistry or take Algebra II concurrently.

AP Chemistry (1 credit) The AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of the general chemistry course usually taken during the first college year. The course has a wide range of topics that will be explored in depth. Topics include atomic theory and structure, chemical bonding, basic organic chemistry, nuclear chemistry, gases, liquids and solids, solutions, reaction types, stoichiometry, equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Students will also participate in laboratory work to acquire skills in making observations of chemical reactions and substances, recording data, calculating and interpreting results, and communicating effectively the results of experimental work. Due to the demanding nature and swift pace of the course, students are required to take a year of chemistry as a prerequisite and strongly encouraged to have completed at least 2 years of algebra. Students in this course are required to take the AP examination in May.

Physics - Honors (1 credit) This is a general high school physics course designed to enable the student to be successful in college level physical science and college physics and to increase college admission status. Concurrent enrollment, or completion of, trigonometry is strongly encouraged. Course topics include general scientific principles, the metric system, scientific measurement, problem solving, using formulas, mechanics, Newton's laws of motion, work and energy, simple machines, thermodynamics, optics, sound, the electromagnetic spectrum, nuclear physics, and technology. Supporting course work includes laboratory exercises, projects/reports, science article summaries, and analysis of current events in the field of physics.

Atmospheric Science (1/2 credit) This is an elective science course available for students to expand their knowledge of Earth's atmosphere. Course topics include the structure of the earth's atmosphere, atmospheric warming and cooling, humidity, clouds and cloud development, air pressure, winds, atmospheric circulation, air masses, fronts, mid-latitude cyclones, weather forecasting, thunderstorms and tornadoes, hurricanes, climate and climate change, air pollution and atmospheric optics. Supporting course work includes laboratory exercises, weather observations and briefings, forecast evaluation, projects and reports, scientific journal article summaries, and analysis of current events in the field of atmospheric science.


SOCIAL STUDIES
Ancient World History (1 credit) This is a lecture/discussion-based survey course designed for freshmen, exploring Western and non-Western societies from the earliest civilizations to the European Renaissance. The course dissects the development on these societies within the framework of their internal workings, as well as their interaction with, and influence of other societies. The course will examine each civilization's political, social, and cultural legacy.

American History (1 credit) This required course for sophomores explores U.S. History from pre-exploration of the Americas to the present with emphasis on the political, social, and economic problems that have changed the nation. Topics of inquiry include the expanding role of the federal government and the federal courts; the continuing tension between he individual and the state and minority rights and majority power; the emergence of a modern corporate economy; the impact of technology on American society and culture; the change in the ethnic composition of American society; the movements toward equal rights for racial minorities and women; and the role of the United States as a world power. Upon completion of this course, students will have continued to develop their ability to think clearly and critically, to ask and research significant questions, to read historical materials intelligently, and to express their ideas in a logical, concise manner. This course utilizes group discussion, individual and group projects, individual reports, field trips and analysis of media broadcasts.

American History - Honors (1 credit) Historians recognize that there was life on the American continent long before Europeans arrived. When they did arrive, they came as Spanish, French, English and others - to various locations - not just as Puritans to Plymouth. United States History (Honors) therefore traces the development of the United States truly as e pluribus unum, with antecedents from ancient times. The course investigates the United States from pre-history to Reconstruction, exploring the major movements in early US history. Events and personages play a large role, as does the rule of law (sometimes more honored in the breach). The course also considers the myths and realities of American life, the successes and failures of foreign relations, and holds the Constitution up as a mirror. What then, is reflected? United States History (Honors) will be taught as a college-level course and is designed to prepare students for and complement the follow-on course, Advanced Placement United States History (Reconstruction to the 1990's).

Western Civilization I (1/2 credit) This course is a one-semester elective in which students will examine the growth of western culture beginning with the Renaissance and Reformation and conclude with the reign of Napoleon. In between, events such as the age of European Expansion, Absolutism, Constitutionalism, the Age of Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions will be examined.

Western Civilization II (1/2 credit) This course is a one-semester elective in which students will examine the growth of western culture beginning with the legacy of Napoleon and concluding with the Cold War and its consequences. In between, events such as the growing nationalism of Europe, Marxism, the Socialist Movement, World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War, and the fall of the Eastern Bloc will be examined.

Government (1/2 credit) This required course, (offered each semester) focuses on how America's tri-cameral system of government was formed, changed and is working for the people of today. Further, this course aims to develop skills and abilities in analyzing and evaluating issues and public policies in American politics. Topics studied include the three branches of government, the Bill of Rights, the voting process, interest groups, political parties, and how American government compares to the rest of the world. This course is intended to simulate interest in American politics and impart tools that can be of use to all life-long students of politics as well as develop critical (that is, analytical) citizens, so that students will have examined reasons for the choices they make as they act in the public interest for the common good.

AP European History (1 credit) This elective course for students seeking potential college credit will examine the major events in Europe's long modern history, beginning with the Renaissance and Reformation and concluding with the Cold War and the fall of the Eastern Bloc. The course will examine the political, economic, and social ramifications of these events, with the support of primary and secondary documents. It will also focus on the format of the AP Exam, and students taking this course will be required to take the AP exam. Prerequisite: Teacher and department chair recommendation/approval.

Middle East History (1/2 credit) This course examines contemporary Middle Eastern history beginning with the second half of the 19th century. The rise of European nationalism gave rise to Zionism (Jewish nationalism) that provided the impetus for Jewish migration to Palestine. Jewish migration and settlement in Palestine was the primary cause for the beginning of the Arab/Israeli conflict that is still going on today. The Arab/Israeli conflict is in turn one of the major causes for Arab resentment towards the West and especially the United States, the key ally to Israel. Apart form the Arab/Israeli conflict the course examines the role of religion, international power politics, and socioeconomic dynamics and how they affected the Middle East. All these factors are tied together in the final part of the course as causes for terrorism.

Economics (1/2 credit) This elective course introduces students to the workings of the economy. Although, the course focuses primarily on domestic economic dynamics, the workings of the international economy are also examined. The course covers the laws of supply and demand, market equilibrium, elasticity of supply/demand, and more broad topics such as the capitalist system, command market systems, mercantilism, monopoly vs. competition and the relationship between state/government and the market. The role of government is examined through concepts such as demand-side vs. supply-side views, classical view (Say's Law), fiscal policy, Monetarism, and the role of the Federal Reserve System.

AP U.S. History (1 credit) Historian Ulrich B. Phillips began one of his many books, "First, let's talk about the weather." Context he believed, even of the most indirect and ungovernable kind, affects people and events. An appreciation of this kind of historical perspective and the ability to think critically are assumed for AP history students. The historiographical approach is the hallmark of this course - history as a discipline, where objectivity is the goal, and presentism is guarded against. The job of this AP class is to separate fact from myth, truth from spin, and come to a greater understanding of that indefinable term - "American." The scope of the course is Reconstruction to the 1990's, with rigor rather than structure dictating class dynamics. Additionally, the course prepares students for the AP exam. Prerequisite: Teacher and department chair recommendation/approval.

British History (1/2 credit) A land conquered and re-conquered by Romans, Vikings, and Normans, Shakespeare's "Sceptered Isle," somehow managed to "bestride the narrow world like a colossus" by the end of the 19th Century. The three kingdoms of Scotland, England and Wales became "Great Britain," an uneasy understanding existed with the Irish, and the "sun never set on the British Empire." London controlled world finance and manufacture, Dickens and Kipling were read in India, and the Royal Navy, victorious over their traditional French and Spanish (Catholic) enemies, ruled the seas. What happened on this foggy little island between prehistory and the present? How was it that quietly, inexorably, clerks in Whitehall managed to gain influence over one-third of the globe? Kings, Parliaments, Peers, and yes commoners all played a part. The rise of the empire will take center stage, but life in England before it, and life in Britain after it will also be explored.

Leaders in History (1/2 credit) Leadership, much like fame, is a result of "other things." It is an abstract concept that can only be approached with off-center viewing. We cannot study fame, but we can study both famous and infamous people. We cannot study leadership, but we can study people who became leaders. In exploring not only what they did, but how and why, we may be able to come to some general conclusions regarding what constitutes leadership - or, as Lucretius would say "the nature of the thing." When we think of leaders, we most often think of politicians and military people. Surely, however, there are leaders in the arts, sciences, religion, athletics and other areas of life. This course attempts to investigate the lives of such leaders. The class will also consider whether leaders are born or made, the difference between defacto and dejure leaders, whether leaders seize power or whether it is bestowed upon them, and leadership in extremis.

Genocide in the 20th Century (1/2 credit) "Shortly before his death at the hands of the Nazis, the French Jewish historian Marc Bloch wrote, 'When all is said and done, a single word, 'understanding,' is the beacon of light of our studies.'" (Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men). This course will explore the dynamics of genocide - racial, legal, and sociological. How is it possible in the enlightened age of the 20th century that educated, cultured men could plan and carry out the murder of millions, and then sleep well at night? The course will reach beyond the dismissive assumption that the perpetrators of genocide are barbarians or demons, and seek to understand how genocide happens. Excuses for perpetrators are not offered, but possible explanations for their actions are scrutinized in depth. Although the course centers on the Nazi Holocaust, other genocides are explored as well, to include those in Armenia, the Balkans, Cambodia, and Africa. In his opening statement at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials in late 1945, US Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson told the International Military Tribunal "The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant, and so devastating, that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, because it cannot survive their being repeated." History, sadly, reports that they have been repeated. Are we condemned to slaughter without end?